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Sugamo Prison

Coordinates: 35°43′46″N 139°43′04″E / 35.729583°N 139.717778°E / 35.729583; 139.717778
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Sugamo Prison
Sugamo Prison in 1949
Sugamo Prison is located in Japan
Sugamo Prison
Sugamo Prison
LocationTokyo, Japan
Coordinates35°43′46″N 139°43′04″E / 35.729583°N 139.717778°E / 35.729583; 139.717778
StatusClosed
Opened1895
Closed1971
Sugamo Prison in December 1948

Sugamo Prison (Sugamo Kōchi-sho, Kyūjitai: 巢鴨拘置所, Shinjitai: 巣鴨拘置所) was a prison in Tokyo, Japan. It was located in the district of Ikebukuro, which is now part of the Toshima ward of Tokyo, Japan.

History

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Sugamo Prison in 1945

Sugamo Prison was originally built in 1895, using the prisons of Europe as a model. By the 1930s it became known for housing political prisoners, including many communists and other dissenters who fell foul of the Peace Preservation Laws in the 1930s and 1940s. Allied spies were also incarcerated there, including Richard Sorge who was hanged in the prison on November 7, 1944. The prison also was used to hold captured Allied officers during World War II as well as airmen.

The prison was not damaged during the bombing of Tokyo in World War II, and was taken over by the Allied occupation forces during the occupation of Japan to house suspected war criminals as they awaited trial before the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. After the conclusion of the trials, Sugamo Prison was used to incarcerate some of the convicted and was the site of the execution of seven inmates sentenced to death by hanging on December 23, 1948. The prison was also the execution site for 51 Japanese war criminals who were condemned in the Yokohama War Crimes Trials.[1] The last 7 executions were carried out on April 7, 1950.[2]

Mug shot of Iva Toguri D'Aquino, Tokyo Rose, taken at Sugamo Prison in March 1946

The original compound was only 2.43 hectares (6.0 acres) in size. The construction of exterior fencing expanded the facility to double the original size. After being captured and re-purposed by Allied forces, the facility was operated by the United States’ Eighth Army. Under the U.S. occupation, Sugamo Prison was administered by 400–500 soldiers.[3] There were approximately 2500 military personnel assigned to duty at the prison, however no more than 500 at any given time. The prison was operated by occupation authorities from December 1945 through May 1952. The structure housed some 2000 Japanese war criminals during its operation.

The prisoners ate Japanese food prepared by Japanese personnel and served by the prisoners themselves. There were occasions when former Prime Minister Hideki Tojo served food to all the other class "A" prisoners. Some of the vegetables used in these meals were grown within the compound. On May 31, 1958, the last 18 Japanese war criminals still serving time in Sugamo Prison were paroled.[4]

After the end of the occupation of Japan, Sugamo Prison passed to Japanese civilian government control. Most of the remaining war criminals were pardoned or paroled by the government. In 1962 its function as a prison ended. In 1971 the prison buildings were dismantled.

In 1978, the Sunshine 60 Building, at its completion the tallest skyscraper in Japan, was built on the former site of Sugamo Prison. All that is left to commemorate the prison is a stone on which is engraved, in Japanese, "Pray for Eternal Peace." A water drainage outlet from the prison has been preserved in the park in front of the Tokyo International University Ikebukuro Campus, which stands on part of the former prison grounds.[5]

Notable inmates

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Executed inmates

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Wilson, Sandra (September 2011). "Prisoners in Sugamo and their Campaign for Release, 1952–1953". Japanese Studies. 31 (2): 171–190. doi:10.1080/10371397.2011.591780. ISSN 1037-1397. S2CID 145748953.
  2. ^ Dooley, Ken (2015). Relentless Pursuit: The Untold Story of the U.S. 5th Air Force's 39th Fighter Squadron. PiKen Production. ISBN 978-0-578-16542-4.
  3. ^ Wilson, Sandra (September 2011). "Prisoners in Sugamo and their Campaign for Release, 1952–1953". Japanese Studies. 31 (2): 171–190. doi:10.1080/10371397.2011.591780. ISSN 1037-1397. S2CID 145748953.
  4. ^ Mercado, Stephen C. (2002). The Shadow Warriors of Nakano: A History of the Imperial Japanese Army's Elite Intelligence School. Potomac Books, Inc. ISBN 978-1-57488-443-2.
  5. ^ "【特集】「Ike・Sunpark」（東京都豊島区東池袋）". ＵＲ都市機構 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-08-26.
  6. ^ "Covert Action: Special Issue on the Religious Right | CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov)". www.cia.gov.
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