Menyanthaceae

Menyanthaceae
	Menyanthes trifoliata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Menyanthaceae; Dumort.
Genera
	See text.

Menyanthaceae is a family of aquatic and wetland plants in the order Asterales. There are approximately 60-70 species in six genera distributed worldwide. The simple or compound leaves arise alternately from a creeping rhizome. In the submersed aquatic genus Nymphoides, leaves are floating and support a lax, umbellate or racemose inflorescence. In other genera the inflorescence is erect and consists of one (e.g., Liparophyllum) to many flowers. The sympetalous, insect-pollinated flowers are five-parted and either yellow or white. The petals are ciliate or adorned with lateral wings. Fruit type is a capsule.

Species of Menyanthaceae are found worldwide. The genera Menyanthes and Nephrophyllidium grow only in the northern hemisphere, while Liparophyllum and Villarsia occur only in the southern hemisphere. Nymphoides species have a cosmopolitan distribution.

Menyanthaceae species are of economic importance as ornamental water garden plants, with Nymphoides being most commonly traded. The practice of growing non-native water plants has led to several species becoming naturalized or invasive.

Dimorphic heterostyly occurs in all genera but Liparophyllum. In addition, four species of Nymphoides are dioecious.^[2]

Genera

Plants of the World Online accepts the following genera:^[3]

Liparophyllum Hook.f.
Menyanthes L.
Nephrophyllidium Gilg
Nymphoides Ség.
Ornduffia Tippery & Les
Villarsia Vent.

References

^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.
^ Tippery, Nicholas P.; Les, Donald H. (2011). "Phylogenetic Relationships and Morphological Evolution in Nymphoides (Menyanthaceae)". Systematic Botany. 36 (4): 1101–1113. doi:10.1600/036364411X605092. S2CID 83643283.
^ "Menyanthaceae Dumort". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2018-09-01.

External links

Menyanthaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF

[APGIII2009-1] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.

[2] Tippery, Nicholas P.; Les, Donald H. (2011). "Phylogenetic Relationships and Morphological Evolution in Nymphoides (Menyanthaceae)". Systematic Botany. 36 (4): 1101–1113. doi:10.1600/036364411X605092. S2CID 83643283.

[POWO_77126679-1-3] "Menyanthaceae Dumort". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2018-09-01.

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